Kein Zugriff auf /var/www mit vsftpd

[JBR]

Hallo

Ich wollte einen webserver mit apache2,php5 und vsftpd aufsetzen.

Also habe ich mir einen alten PC geschnappt (FSC Scenic XL mit P3 200 MHZ 64MB RaM und 20 GB HD) und Ubuntu 6.06 im Textmodus installiert. Dann habe ich mit apt-get install vsftpd ,vsftpd installiert. Dannach habe ich auf dem gleichen Weg apache2 und php5 installiert. Nun musste ich den vsftpd nur noch so konfigurieren, dass er standardmäßig auf /var/www zugreift. Das Problem mit den Berechtigungen(ftp,www-data und die ftp-benutzer müssen auf den selben ordner zugreifen können) habe ich gelöst indem ich eine Gruppe namens srv angelegt habe und ftp,www-data und den ftp-Benutzer schueler1(heimverzeichniss=/var/www) dieser hinzugefügt habe. Dann habe ich die Berechtigungen so umgestellt, dass www-data eigentümer ist und srv die zugehöriege Gruppe. Nun hab ich eine test .php angelegt(lokal mit nano) um apache zu testen.Das funzte auch. Nun wollte ich mich mit ftp anmelden und flog sofort vom Server:

jbr@jbr-laptop:~$ ftp 192.168.0.146
Connected to 192.168.0.146.
220 (vsFTPd 2.0.4)
Name (192.168.0.146:jbr): schueler1
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
500 OOPS: cannot change directory:/var/www
Login failed.

die vsftpd.conf sieht so aus:

# config file /etc/vsftpd.conf 
#------------------------------------------------------------------
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
#anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. 
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
#dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
chown_uploads=YES
chown_username=www-data
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# Banner Datei
#banner_file=/etc/vsftpd_banner.txt 
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
#
# Debian customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the Debian filesystem layout by
# default.  These settings are more Debian-friendly.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

 

[JBR]

Hallo
Es funktioniert jetzt alles. Ich habe die Berechtigungen folgendermaßen umgestellt

alt:drw-rw-rw-  3 www-data srv   4096 Mar 17 21:50 www
neu:drwxrwxrwx  3 www-data srv   4096 Mar 17 21:50 www

Warum muss ich den Ordner ausführbar machen ?

 

[Wolfgang]

Hallo

Schau dir mal die Manpage an, da wirst du sehen dass Verzeichnisse ausführbar sein müssen, um den Inhalt lesen zu können.

Gruß Wolfgang

 

[JBR]

Da kauft man für 15€ ein Buch(Linux-Phrasebook) und übersieht die entscheidende Tabelle

 

[JBR]

Das Problem ist noch nicht ganz gelöst. Ich hab es auch mit annonymen Login probiert. Das funktionierte leider gar nicht, obwohl die Berechtigungen richtig gesetzt waren.
Daher hab ich probiert einen lokalen Benutzer anzulegen.

sudo adduser hades --home=/var/www/Schueler --no-create-home --shell=/bin/false  --ingroup=srv

Mit meinem Benutzer, den ich bei der Installation angelegt habe, komme ich ohne Probleme auf den Server, put funktioniert. hades hingegen hat auch nach dem neustart des vsftpd keinen Zugriff.
Außerdem muss man bei dieser Lösung selbt darauf achten, dass die Berechtigungen richtig gesetzt sind.

# config file /etc/vsftpd.conf 
#------------------------------------------------------------------
#Selbst verbrochen
local_root=/var/www/Schueler
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=YES
#
# Run standalone with IPv6?
# Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
# instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
# exclusive.
#listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
#anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. 
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
#dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=www-data
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# Banner Datei
#banner_file=/etc/vsftpd_banner.txt 
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
#
# Debian customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the Debian filesystem layout by
# default.  These settings are more Debian-friendly.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key

 

[damager]

zeige uns mal die ausgabe von:

ls -la /var/www

 

[keks]

hallo vielleicht solltest du diese

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
#anonymous_enable=YES

zeile auskommentieren!

mfg keks

 

[JBR]

Hallo

Ich habe die Zeile nicht auskommentiert, weil ich es mit einem lokalem Benutzer ohne Shell probieren wollte.

Hier die Ausgaben von ls -la

benutzer@Stymphalos:/var/www$ ls -la
total 1748
drwxrwxrwx  5 www-data srv     4096 Mar 19 22:36 .
drwxr-xr-x 14 root     root    4096 Mar 17 20:03 ..
-rwxrwxrwx  1 www-data srv   231067 Mar 19 20:40 Herkules_und_die_stymphalischen_Voegel.jpg
drwxrwxrwx  2 www-data srv     4096 Mar 21 18:55 Schueler
drwxrwxrwx  2 www-data srv     4096 Mar 20 21:51 WinSCP-Tut
-rwxrwxrwx  1 www-data srv  1516526 Mar 19 21:52 WinSCPPE.paf.exe
drwxrwxrwx  2 www-data srv     4096 Mar 17 20:03 apache2-default
-rwxrwxrwx  1 www-data srv     1572 Mar 21 19:30 index.html
-rwxrwxrwx  1 www-data srv       65 Mar 19 15:55 test.php
benutzer@Stymphalos:/var/www$ cd ./Schueler
benutzer@Stymphalos:/var/www/Schueler$ ls -la
total 648
drwxrwxrwx 2 www-data srv   4096 Mar 21 18:55 .
drwxrwxrwx 5 www-data srv   4096 Mar 19 22:36 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 www-data srv  17429 Mar 19 20:41 200px-Postgresql.svg.png
-rwxrwxrwx 1 www-data srv  63973 Mar 19 20:56 465px-Seaman_send_Morse_code_signals.jpg
-rwxrwxrwx 1 www-data srv 547885 Mar 21 18:35 dns-update-api.pdf
-rwxrwxrwx 1 www-data srv   3271 Mar 19 20:56 morsecode-decoder.php
-rwxrwxrwx 1 www-data srv   1853 Mar 19 20:56 morsecode_form.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 www-data srv     36 Mar 19 20:51 phpinfo.php

 

[JBR]

Ich hab einen Benutzer mit normaler Shell angelegt, der kann sich anmelden. Warum funktioniert es ohne Shell nicht ?